How Many Calories in 4 Oz of Ribeye Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy globe.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and larn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 picture show adaptation. Hamilton chosen her amanuensis to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-calendar week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, just many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Await Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, only that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-twelvemonth-erstwhile Garland had to clothing a corset-similar device so she looked more like a preadolescent kid.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland clothing a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (every bit any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the grapheme changed. Afterward MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great motion-picture show tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies in a higher place the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread black ink across the lesser of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W West W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'southward last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the upshot of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snow? It'due south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the fabric were known at the time, it was withal Hollywood'southward preferred pick for faux snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't take hold of any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Homo's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of issues for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen'south, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the wait of burlap. Afterward the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more a yr to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and carmine smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor also early.
For the 2nd have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor every bit planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn flared upwardly. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing second- and 3rd-caste burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source textile — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh as scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of pianoforte wires.
All the same, the aerial stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one'due south surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was about cut from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM thought the vocal made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have information technology piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns nearly the aluminum paste-based makeup on his confront and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't aid folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage every bit the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Yet, Ebsen's new graphic symbol, the Tin Human, caused him a world of issues. Namely, the graphic symbol's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), just didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals tin can be heard in "We're Off to Run into the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold upwards. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings squad spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature business firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, phonation of the titular grapheme in Walt Disney's Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $8 1000000.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'southward pay was meliorate than Caselotti'southward — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but information technology yet didn't reverberate the motion-picture show's success. Even more than discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per calendar week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per week as Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title carte du jour — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the rubber of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit fabricated from real panthera leo skin. However, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'south nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Function Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in Oct of 1938 simply didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upward an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $50 million adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 one thousand thousand at the box part — almost $51.8 million by today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.Southward. barely covered production and pic rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'southward returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just sixteen years erstwhile when she was bandage equally Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to help them slumber later on studios shot them upward with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, java and craven soup.
The Vox of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated pic Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the picture revolutionize the animation industry, information technology likewise reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the well-nigh successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Magician of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the ruddy colour would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's principal costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in virtually 2,300 sequins.
I of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, simply the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Just I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic take a chance story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nonetheless, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A 2d Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is ane of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to discover i that resembled the original canine thespian more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In add-on to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than merely your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than than 35 years after the movie debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'southward costume to bear witness kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nearly the character.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, only she was as well a pitiful, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked as well takes this approach to the Witch'southward graphic symbol.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were only as amazed equally Dorothy, Scarecrow, Can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald Urban center took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. Just the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, and then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in society to give life to this fantasy film. To go on up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morn — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive procedure.
Memorable (& Oft Misquoted) Lines Fill the Movie
The picture show is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of beingness responsible for some of the virtually quoted lines in moving picture history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping iii of the film'south lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the mantle" was voted #24, while "There'southward no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Burn down Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different colour" sequence, some other iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl'southward anxiety. However, burn down strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to make information technology wait more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and function problem-solving for filmmakers. In guild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterwards the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on moving-picture show, specially in colorized grade. For case, the white part of Dorothy's clothes is really pink — just because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin can Man is then excited almost? It'south really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Role of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the immature daughter dropped a firm on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the curt-lived possessor of the reddish slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the E — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby-red slippers. The restored version of the movie makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today'due south Marvel film standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top correct) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy'due south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
Then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West functioning too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'southward starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'southward Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the unabridged film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a modest syntactical faux pas?
It'southward widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to heighten the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the film'southward debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Near-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved pop in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box function. (You may have heard of that little movie — it's chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in function to re-releases.
The film was first circulate on television on Nov 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is 1 of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in flick history, largely due to the number of annual telly screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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